Age-related Macular Degeneration—Review and Current Concepts

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) continues to be a significant public health concern, given its high prevalence and potential blinding prognosis in the elderly. Several risk factors have been identified in the development of ARMD, including age, race, and family history. The pathogenesis of ARMD continues to be elucidated, and recent research has focused on genetic factors. ARMD presents in either the atrophic or exudative form. Treatment for atrophic disease consists of antioxidants and zinc and close monitoring. Treatment for exudative disease is aimed at targeting choroidal neovascularization. The development of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents has revolutionized the treatment of exudative ARMD, providing a more favorable prognosis for previously blinding disease. Considerable amount of research is being carried out on new treatment modalities for both the atrophic and exudative forms of the disease.